You must file a charge with the EEOC BEFORE you can sue for most workplace discrimination (Title VII, ADA, GINA). The deadline is 180 calendar days from the discriminatory act — extended to 300 days in states that have their own fair-employment agency (most states do). Age-discrimination (ADEA) follows the same 180/300 rule. The Equal Pay Act is the exception: you may sue directly without an EEOC charge.
The 180/300-day clock is strict and starts at the date of the discriminatory act, not your last day of work. Missing it usually forfeits the federal claim. After the EEOC issues a Right-to-Sue letter you generally have 90 days to file suit.
Missing the statute of limitations usually ends your case permanently. Talk to a eeoc employment discrimination charge attorney—most offer a free consultation.
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